Lactic Acid 10% HA is an alpha hydroxy acid solution that provides effective exfoliation targeting the skin surface. It is supported by purified Tasmanian pepperberry extract, which has been shown to reduce irritation and sensitivity that can accompany acid use. This waterbased serum is ideal for dry skin types. The pH of this formula is approximately 3.8. Lactic acid has a pKa value of 3.8, and pKa is the most important aspect to consider when formulating with acids. pKa implies the availability of acids. When pKa is close to the pH value, there is an ideal balance between salt and acid content, maximizing the effectiveness of the acid and reducing irritation.